@Article{FariasNoLoAlIrNo:2013:CoMoAn,
               author = "Farias, Eduardo Gentil G. de and Nobre, Paulo and Lorenzzetti, 
                         Jo{\~a}o A. and Almeida, Roberto A. F. de and Irber Jr., Luiz 
                         Carlos and Nobre, Paulo",
          affiliation = "{} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {} 
                         and {} and {} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)}",
                title = "Variability of air-sea CO2 fluxes and dissolved inorganic carbon 
                         distribution in the Atlantic Basin: A coupled model analysis",
              journal = "International Journal of Geosciences",
                 year = "2013",
               volume = "4",
               number = "1A",
                pages = "249--258",
                 note = "Setores de Atividade: Outras atividades profissionais, 
                         cient{\'{\i}}ficas e t{\'e}cnicas. and Informa{\c{c}}{\~o}es 
                         Adicionais: Primeiro artigo cient{\'{\i}}fico do Modelo 
                         Brasileiro do Sistema Terrestre, vers{\~a}o acoplada 
                         Oceano-Atmosfera com ciclo de carbono oce{\^a}nico utilizando o 
                         modelo TOPAZ..",
             keywords = "carbon cycle, Atlantic basin, coupled model, climatological 
                         analysis, Tropical Atlantic Biogeochemical Modeling, BESM Topaz.",
             abstract = "The biogeochemical dynamics of carbon in the ocean is a subject of 
                         fundamental interest to environmental studies. In this context, we 
                         have implemented a ten year run of the Brazilian Earth System 
                         Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model (BESM-OA2.3) integrated with TOPAZ 
                         biogeochemical model for the Atlantic basin. The modeled 
                         \ΔpCO2 for the tropical Atlantic shows very clearly a high 
                         dominance of positive fluxes, that is, the CO2 fluxes are 
                         sea-to-air through- out the tropical region and for both winter 
                         and summer periods. In the mid-latitudes regions negatives fluxes 
                         (air-to-sea) were observed for both seasons. An exception to this 
                         pattern is an extensive negative tongue on the latitude 10°N. The 
                         occurrence of this negative \ΔpCO2 tongue region in the 
                         Tropical Atlantic is highly correlated to negative Evapora- 
                         tion-Precipitation values during this season. In the northern 
                         hemisphere (NH) summer the negative values of \ΔpCO2 in the 
                         tropical Atlantic region are concentrated in the adjacent zone of 
                         the Amazon river mouth due to the North Equatorial Counter Current 
                         intensification. This process favors the formation of a carbon 
                         sink in the adjacent region of the Amazon river mouth. Model 
                         results show lowest values of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in 
                         a surface layer (100 - 150 m). Highest DIC values are observed in 
                         deeper layers and concentrated in an equatorial band. The 
                         chlorophyll bloom in equatorial zones was well represented by the 
                         model. These blooms are the result of equatorial upwelling that 
                         brings the high concentration tongues of DIC present in the 
                         equatorial band towards the euphotic zone. This is the first 
                         published paper about the BESM-OA2.3 integrated with TOPAZ. The 
                         presented results suggest that this modeling system is able to 
                         reproduce the main regional carbon dynamics features of the 
                         mid-latitude/tropical Atlantic.",
                  doi = "10.4236/ijg.2013.41A022",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2013.41A022",
                 issn = "2156-8367 and 2156-8367",
                label = "lattes: 6041333024387123 2 FariasNoLoAlIrNo:2013:CoMoAn",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "IJG_2013012915124272.pdf",
                  url = "http://www.scirp.org/journal/ijg/",
        urlaccessdate = "28 abr. 2024"
}